ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Modulation of antioxidant systems and photosynthetic machinery by foliar-applied ZnO nanoparticles in cadmium-stressed mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Agricultural soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) presents a significant threat to plant growth and food security. Nanotechnology offers innovative approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of heavy metal stress on plants. This study investigated the impact of foliar-applied zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) plants subjected to Cd stress. To induce Cd stress in mung bean plants, varying concentrations of cadmium were applied: control (no Cd), 50 µM, and 100 µM, using cadmium chloride (CdCl2) as the source. ZnO-NPs were administered via foliar spraying at different concentrations (40 and 80 mg/L). Mung bean varieties, NIAB Mung 2011 (NM-2011) and NIAB Mung 2021 (NM-2021), were treated with ZnO-NPs under Cd stress conditions. Our results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs significantly mitigated the detrimental effects of Cd stress on mung bean cultivars. The application of ZnO-NPs (80 mg/L) notably enhanced plant growth under both 50 µM and 100 µM Cd stress levels. The findings revealed a dose-dependent effect, with optimal ZnO-NPs concentrations promoting superior shoot (17%) and root growth (20%); increased chlorophyll content (total chlorophyll 39%, chlorophyll a 38%, chlorophyll b 41%, carotenoids 40%), indicating improved photosynthetic performance. ZnO-NPs also elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (32%), catalase (CAT) (19%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (35%) and peroxidase (POD) (26%), and reduced oxidative stress induced by Cd toxicity also along with decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA 35%, H2O2 63%). These findings underscore the potential of nanotechnology-based strategies to enhance plant resilience to heavy metal stress, which is crucial for sustainable agricultural practices. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term impacts of ZnO-NPs on plant growth and cadmium stress alleviation.
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