Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41807621›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Dual-band graphene-assisted metamaterial absorber with machine learning integration for high-sensitivity THz biosensing.

Shagun Gupta, Vaishnavi Chandrashekar Gosi, Parth Pareek, Patri Upender

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shagun GuptaSchool of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
Vaishnavi Chandrashekar GosiSchool of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
Parth PareekSchool of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
Patri UpenderSchool of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India. upender.p@vit.ac.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this work, a compact dual-band terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber integrated with graphene is presented for high-performance biosensing applications. The structure is composed of four concentric octagonal rings, where two are metallic and two are graphene-based, supported on a SiO2 substrate backed by a gold ground plane. The dual-resonant response is achieved through the metallic rings, while the graphene layers enhance absorption and tunability by improving impedance matching with free space. The absorber demonstrates near-unity absorption at 0.9623 THz and 1.4079 THz, with maximum sensitivities of 1.7435 THz/RIU and 1.475 THz/RIU, and corresponding high figures of merit and quality factors, making it highly suitable for precise biosensing. A detailed parametric analysis confirms the influence of structural dimensions on absorption efficiency, while the equivalent circuit model validates the underlying resonance mechanisms. Furthermore, machine learning models are employed to predict absorption characteristics and support biosensing tasks such as virus detection, thereby reducing the need for repeated full-wave simulations. The proposed design effectively combines compact geometry, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and ML-assisted optimization, positioning it as a versatile candidate for next-generation THz biosensing and biomedical diagnostics.

Indexed as

AbsorberBiosensorMachine learningMetamaterialSensitivity

Identifiers

PMID41807621
PMCPMC13096649

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.