Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41807521›Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2026

Potency-related effects of smoked cannabis on simulated driving performance: a randomized, controlled crossover trial.

Bruna Brands, Adam Zaweel, Madison Wright, Patricia Di Ciano, Christine M Wickens, Justin Matheson, Andrew Fares, Omer S M Hasan, Marcos Sanches, Beth Sproule and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03656029 (Dose-dependent Effects of Smoked Cannabis on Simulated Driving Performance), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03656029 phase2completednot on this map

Dose-dependent Effects of Smoked Cannabis on Simulated Driving Performance

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthRan2021 to 2022Enrolled36ConditionsDriving Impaired, Cognitive Impairment, Abuse CannabisArmsCannabis, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Association of driving with blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a systematic review.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Bruna BrandsControlled Substances and Cannabis Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Adam ZaweelInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Madison WrightInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Patricia Di CianoInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Christine M WickensInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Justin MathesonInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Andrew FaresInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Omer S M HasanInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Marcos SanchesBiostatistician, Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 60 White Squirrel Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
Beth SprouleLeslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
Marilyn A HuestisInstitute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
Timothy L BrownDriving Safety Research Institute, University of Iowa, 2401 Oakdale Blvd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
Bernard Le FollInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada. bernard.lefoll@camh.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the increasing availability of high-potency Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) products, understanding potency-related effects of Δ9-THC on driving performance is an important public safety issue. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects trial examined the effects of smoked cannabis with varying Δ9-THC concentrations on simulated driving. Adults aged 19–45 who regularly used cannabis and held valid driver’s licenses completed simulated driving tasks after smoking placebo, or cannabis containing low (6.25%/47 mg Δ9-THC), medium (12.5%/94 mg Δ9-THC), or high (22%/165 mg Δ9-THC) Δ9-THC levels. The primary outcome was mean speed (km/h); secondary measures included maximum speed, standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), reaction time (RT), and subjective ratings of driving ability and intoxication. Mean speed did not differ across conditions. Maximum speed increased under medium (p = 0.006) and high (p = 0.02) potencies versus placebo. SDLP was higher across all Δ9-THC potencies (p < 0.001), and RT was longer under medium and high potencies (p < 0.001). Both SDLP (p < 0.001) and RT (p = 0.023) positively correlated with blood Δ9-THC concentrations. Participants reported poorer driving performance and reduced willingness to drive at higher potencies. Findings demonstrate potency-dependent impairments in simulated driving linked to Δ9-THC concentration, underscoring implications for road safety.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT03656029; First posted date: 04/09/2018; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03656029 .

Indexed as

Automobile DrivingCannabisDronabinolMarijuana SmokingAdultCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReaction TimeYoung AdultDronabinolAd libitumCannabisCannabis potencySimulated drivingTHC

Identifiers

PMID41807521
PMCPMC13096524

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.