ArticleNature communications2026
Identification of altered immune landscape at single-cell resolution in NSCLC brain metastasis and its association with poor immune checkpoint inhibitor responses.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis: Brain Microenvironmental Adaptation, Therapeutic Resistance and Translational Strategies.Cancer science · 2026Review
- [Tumor Cell and Brain Microenvironment Interactions in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis: Mechanisms and Emerging Insights].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- The immune microenvironment of the central nervous system and neuromodulation: new perspectives in lung cancer brain metastases research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastasis, a common complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leads to poor prognosis and reduces the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the mechanisms underlying this diminished ICI response remain unclear. Here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on 101,959 tumor-infiltrating immune cells from primary tumors and brain metastases to delineate their distinct immune landscapes. Brain metastases display profound immunosuppressive reprogramming, characterized by enrichment of HSP70-high stress-responsive T cells and PLTP⁺ tumor-associated macrophages, and depletion of memory T cells and cDC2-like dendritic cells, which show opposing associations with ICI outcomes. Integrating these findings, we derive a seven-gene brain metastasis-derived immune signature (BMIS) that is associated with ICI response and survival in NSCLC and metastatic urothelial carcinoma and provides information complementary to tumor mutational burden. These results highlight immune features specific to brain metastatic NSCLC and suggest candidate biomarkers and therapeutic avenues for improving immunotherapy in this high-risk population.
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