Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41807243›Full record

ArticleJournal of health psychology2026

Experiences of bedtime procrastination in university students: A qualitative study.

Jia Yin Ruan, Katy Y Y Tam, Sha Li, Yim Wah Mak, Wing Fai Yeung

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of health psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jia Yin RuanNew York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, USA.
Katy Y Y TamUniversity of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sha LiNanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Yim Wah MakHong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Wing Fai YeungHong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7980-3126

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While studies have quantitatively linked bedtime procrastination and health-related outcomes among university students, qualitative evidence remains limited. This qualitative study explored bedtime procrastination experiences by conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 students (mean age: 20.85 years) from five Hong Kong universities. Students were recruited via purposive sampling and interviewed between September and December 2024. Conventional content analysis of the data generated five themes: (1) being a master of myself before bedtime at night; (2) bedtime procrastination as a reward and celebration; (3) bedtime procrastination as an automatic process; (4) bedtime procrastination impairing productivity, body image, and emotions; and (5) refraining from bedtime procrastination is not easy. Findings suggest that bedtime procrastination stems from a combination of intentional and unintentional behaviors, reflecting both reflective and automatic cognitive processes. Future interventions could be enhanced by adopting a dual-process approach, alongside strategies like sleep hygiene education and emphasizing the negative effects of peer influence.

Indexed as

ProcrastinationSleepStudentsAdultFemaleHong KongHumansMaleQualitative ResearchUniversitiesYoung Adultbedtime procrastinationcontent analysisprocrastinationsleep timinguniversity students

Identifiers

PMID41807243
PMCPMC13683913

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.