Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41806821›Full record

ArticleParasites, hosts and diseases2026

Quantitative PCR surveillance of Perkinsus marinus in Crassostrea virginica and Magallana gigas across the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Korea.

Seung-Hyeon Kim, Hye-Mi Lee, Donghyun Lee, Hyoun Joong Kim, S D N K Bathige, José Manuel Grijalva-Chon, Patricia Mirella da Silva, Kyung-Il Park

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites, hosts and diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Seung-Hyeon KimPathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, Korea.
Hye-Mi LeeDepartment of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean and Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea.
Donghyun LeeDepartment of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean and Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea.
Hyoun Joong KimDepartment of Aquatic Life Medical Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea.
S D N K BathigeDepartment of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean and Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea.
José Manuel Grijalva-ChonLab. de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico.
Patricia Mirella da SilvaLaboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Marine Invertebrates (LABIPI), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil.
Kyung-Il ParkDepartment of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean and Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea.

Funding

CNPq Productivity Fellowship 306721/2021-0Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries RS-2022-KS221679Univaersity of Sonora, Mexico USO313007339
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Perkinsus marinus is a significant pathogen in oyster aquaculture with expanding host and geographic ranges. This study evaluated the prevalence and infection intensity of P. marinus in major oyster farming regions across the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Korea using a quantitative PCR (P. marinus-specific TaqMan quantitative PCR assay, Pm-qPCR) assay. Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were sampled from 7 USA sites, while Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) were collected from Mexico, Brazil, and Korea. Compared to conventional PCR, the Pm-qPCR assay demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity, detecting P. marinus in >80.0% of samples at most sites and up to 100.0% in Port Norris, USA. Lower prevalence was found in Wellfleet, USA (58.0%) and Korean sites (63.0%-70.0%). The lowest infection intensities (<1,000 copies) were recorded at a high-energy open-water site in Buan, Korea. The assay's specificity was confirmed using negative control oysters from Canada. These findings provide critical baseline data on P. marinus distribution and emphasize the superior diagnostic value of Pm-qPCR for early detection. As P. marinus spreads globally, sensitive and standardized tools like this assay are essential for disease surveillance and aquaculture biosecurity.

Indexed as

AlveolataCrassostreaOstreidaeReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionAnimalsAquacultureBrazilMexicoPrevalenceRepublic of KoreaSensitivity and SpecificityUnited StatesdiagnosisinfectionsintensityPerkinsus marinusprevalencequantitative PCR

Identifiers

PMID41806821
PMCPMC13493202

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.