ArticleAnais brasileiros de dermatologia
Stigma associated with leprosy among patients, contacts, and the general population in an endemic region of Brazil.
Article in Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLeprosy is associated with social exclusion and discrimination. Historical records of compulsory isolation, severe clinical manifestations, and fear of contagion have contributed to the perpetuation of prejudice and discriminatory attitudes. In Brazil, the psychosocial impact of leprosy among patients, contacts, and the general population remains poorly understood.
objectiveTo assess the stigma associated with leprosy and to identify factors influencing its impact among patients, contacts, and the General Population (GP).
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, including three groups (patients, contacts, and GPs) from the metropolitan region of Manaus - AM (Brazil). Demographic and clinical data were collected, and stigma was evaluated using the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue-Affected People (EMIC-AP) for patients and the EMIC-Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS) for contacts and GPs. The impact of different aspects was assessed within each group, and clinicodemographic factors associated with higher stigma were explored.
resultsA total of 214 patients, 104 contacts, and 393 GPs were evaluated. The EMIC-AP mean (SD) score among patients was 16 (9), whereas the EMIC-CSS scores were 15 (7) for contacts and 12 (6) for the GP group. Network analysis revealed that feelings of shame, negative self-opinion, and social avoidance were central elements of stigma across groups. Female sex among patients (β = -2.9; p = 0.03), higher education among contacts (β = 3.2; p = 0.03); and younger age and religious practice among the GPs (β = -1.3 and 1.3; p < 0.05) were associated with higher stigma scores. After standardization, contacts and GP exhibited greater stigma perception than patients (θ = 0.02 and -0.06 vs. -0.26; p < 0.05). STUDY LIMITATIONS: Non-randomized sample from a single center.
conclusionsLeprosy-related stigma persists across patients, contacts, and GPs, reflecting deep-rooted social and cultural misconceptions. Beyond medical cure, achieving the "Zero Leprosy" goals demands integrated actions that promote education, community engagement, and psychosocial support to reduce prejudice and promote social inclusion.
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