Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41806247›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Neurodiversity Knowledge Among Secondary Educators: Findings From an Initial Participatory Survey Study.

Katharine O'Brien, Cindy Cai, Aaron Combs, Eric Li, Frederick Lu, Leo Tian, Summer Zhang, Jan Blacher

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Katharine O'BrienSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. katharine.obrien001@email.ucr.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-6731-6448
Cindy CaiSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Aaron CombsSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Eric LiSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Frederick LuSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Leo TianSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Summer ZhangSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Jan BlacherSchool of Education, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis brief report examines high school teachers’ knowledge of neurodivergent student needs in cooperation with the students themselves, since autism is increasingly common in the classroom and centering the perspectives and insights of neurodivergent people is preferred.

methodKnowledge of research and best practices was measured using a 14-item survey developed through participatory action research with neurodivergent and allied students.

resultsResponses from 104 teachers in two Southern California districts revealed a significantly above-chance mean knowledge score (M = 45.02, p < .001). Teachers with neurodivergent family members scored higher than those without (M = 45.64, p < .05), while other demographic factors, including self-identification as neurodivergent, were not significant.

conclusionFindings highlight the role of lived experience in shaping educator understanding and underscore the need for evidence-based professional development in neurodiversity-affirming practices.

Indexed as

AutismInclusive educationNeurodiversityParticipatory action researchTeacher knowledge

Identifiers

PMID41806247

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.