Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41806157›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2026

Impact of ChromaGen lenses on colour vision test performance of individuals with congenital colour vision deficiency.

Ali Almustanyir, Balsam Alabdulkader, Meznah S Almutairi, Nabeela Hasrod, Abdulmalik Alhadyani, Dana Alkurh, Shouq Aljamlan, Tahani Alqahtani, Essam Almutleb, Husam Abuhayeh and 2 more

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Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ali AlmustanyirOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. aalmustanyir@ksu.edu.sa.
Balsam AlabdulkaderOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Meznah S AlmutairiOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nabeela HasrodDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Abdulmalik AlhadyaniOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dana AlkurhOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Shouq AljamlanOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Tahani AlqahtaniOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Essam AlmutlebOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Husam AbuhayehLearning Disability Department, Eyecare Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kingsley AghoSchool of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mosaad AlhassanOptometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCongenital colour vision deficiency (CVD) is a common genetic anomaly that affects an individual's ability to distinguish specific colours. ChromaGen filters are designed to enhance colour discrimination in individuals with red-green CVD. However, data supporting their effectiveness is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ChromaGen filters on colour discrimination using various colour vision tests.

methodsEighty male individuals with CVD participated in this study; there were 14 deuteranopes, 43 deuteranomalies, 5 protanopes and 18 protanomalies. All participants completed the anomaloscope, Ishihara 38-plate, Hardy Rand Rittler (HRR) 4

resultsThe results for the Ishihara 38-plate, HRR 4

conclusionsChromaGen filters may influence the nature of CVD without reducing its severity. The dichromatic individuals showed minimal improvement, with none of the participants with protanopia passing any of the tests using any ChromaGen lens.

Indexed as

Color PerceptionColor Perception TestsColor VisionColor Vision DefectsEyeglassesAdolescentAdultHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAnomaloscopeChromaGen filtersColour vision deficiencyHardy Rand Rittler (HRR)IshiharaWaggoner

Identifiers

PMID41806157

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.