Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41806077›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Glioblastoma survival in rural America: a 10-year experience from a quaternary care center.

Emily Pack, Christopher P Cifarelli, Sanjay Bhatia, Jeremy Lewis, Nicholas Brandmeir, Aaron Gleckman, Peng Cheng Han, Nolan A Wages, Timothy Shaun Dotson, Morgan W Denney and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Neurooncology: 2026 update.Free neuropathology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Emily PackWest Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.
Christopher P CifarelliDepartment of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Sanjay BhatiaDepartment of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Jeremy LewisDepartment of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Nicholas BrandmeirDepartment of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Aaron GleckmanDepartment of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Peng Cheng HanDepartment of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Nolan A WagesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Timothy Shaun DotsonWest Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Morgan W DenneyWest Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Sijin WenDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Matthew ArmisteadWest Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Saeed NorouziDepartment of Medical Oncology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Sonikpreet AulakhDepartment of Medical Oncology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. sonikpreet.aulakh@hsc.wvu.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Patients residing in rural and Appalachian regions encounter multiple barriers to timely diagnosis and access to multidisciplinary neuro-oncology care, but whether these barriers translate into worse survival remains uncertain. West Virginia (WV), a predominantly rural Appalachian state, is served by a primary academic medical center (WV University Ruby Memorial Hospital) with a dedicated neuro-oncology program. We performed a retrospective analysis of the electronic health record to characterize overall survival and prognostic factors among WV residents diagnosed with GBM.

methodsRetrospective cohort of 380 adults (≥ 18 years) with pathologically confirmed Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-wildtype (IDH-WT) GBM (2015-2025). Rurality defined by ZIP-code RUCA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between overall survival (OS) and age, sex, treatment, rurality, and O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status.

resultsMedian OS was 12.7 months. Age ≥ 65 was associated with worse survival (15.9 vs. 9.1 months; p < 0.001). Rural and non-rural survival was equivalent (12.5 vs. 12.7 months; p = 0.87). Temozolomide (TMZ) use significantly improved OS (14.0 vs. 6.2 months; p < 0.001). Gross total resection and MGMT promoter methylation were both associated with significantly improved overall survival (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0005, respectively).

conclusionsIn a predominantly rural state served by a primary academic neuro-oncology program, median overall survival for GBM was 12.7 months indicating centralized care eliminates rural-urban survival gaps in GBM.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaAdultAgedDNA Modification MethylasesDNA Repair EnzymesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRural PopulationSurvival RateTumor Suppressor ProteinsDNA Modification MethylasesDNA Repair EnzymesMGMT protein, humanTumor Suppressor ProteinsCentralized careGlioblastomaReal-world evidenceRural health disparitiesSurvival analysisTemozolomide

Identifiers

PMID41806077
PMCPMC12975803

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.