Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41805952›Full record

ArticleJAMA network open2026

Cancer Incidence in Women After Medically Assisted Reproduction.

Claire Melissa Vajdic, Adrian Raymond Walker, Antoinette C Anazodo, Neville F Hacker, Michael Chapman, Signe Opdahl, Louisa Jorm, Robert J Norman, Catharyn Stern, Ursula M Sansom-Daly and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA network open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Claire Melissa VajdicKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Adrian Raymond WalkerCentre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Antoinette C AnazodoKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Neville F HackerWomen's Health, Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Michael ChapmanWomen's Health, Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Signe OpdahlCentre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Louisa JormCentre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Robert J NormanRobinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Catharyn SternMelbourne IVF, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Ursula M Sansom-DalyKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Georgina Mary ChambersCentre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Christos VenetisCentre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: High-quality evidence on cancer occurrence for women who have used medically assisted reproduction (MAR) is required to guide care. Objective: To compare cancer incidence in MAR-exposed women with the general population of women. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a population-based cohort study of Australian women. MAR treatments, pregnancies, incident cancers, and deaths were ascertained using linkage between population-based administrative health datasets and statutory registries. Women aged 18 to 55 years who used MAR from 1991 to 2018 were identified and analyzed from April to November 2024. Exposures: Three MAR cohorts were created: assisted reproductive therapy (ART), intrauterine insemination with ovarian stimulation (IUI/OS), and ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate (clomiphene citrate). Main Outcomes and Measures: Cancer incidence among MAR-exposed women was compared with the age-, jurisdiction-, and calendar year-matched general population. The main outcomes were cancer standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and rate differences. Results: A total of 417 984 MAR-exposed women were included, with 274 676 (65.7%) having ever used ART (median [IQR] age, 34 [31-38] years; median [IQR] follow-up time, 9.42 [5.08-15.42] years), 120 739 (28.9%) having ever used IUI/OS (median [IQR] age, 34 [30-38] years; median [IQR] follow-up time, 11.67 [6.25-18.42] years), and 175 510 (42.0%) having ever used clomiphene citrate (median [IQR] age, 32 [28-36] years; median [IQR] follow-up time, 9.42 [5.42-13.58] years). The overall incidence of invasive cancer was comparable with the general population for the ART (SIR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.02) and IUI/OS (SIR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02) cohorts and slightly elevated for the clomiphene citrate cohort (SIR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). For all cohorts, incidence of uterine cancer (SIRs, 1.23-1.83) and in situ and invasive melanoma (SIRs, 1.07-1.15) were elevated, and incidence of cervical cancer (SIRs, 0.52-0.61) and cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung (SIRs, 0.62-0.70) were lower. Ovarian cancer incidence was elevated for the ART (SIR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.37) and IUI/OS (SIR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37) cohorts. In situ breast cancer incidence was elevated for the ART cohort only (SIR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.38). Incidence of invasive breast cancer was not elevated. Rate differences for invasive cancers with elevated incidence were all small (<1 to 6.51 cases per 100 000 person-years). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of cancer incidence in women who received MAR, the overall incidence of cancer was comparable with that of the general population. The incidence of certain cancers appeared elevated; however, the excess numbers of these cancers were small, and there was reduced incidence of other cancers. Causation cannot be inferred from this descriptive evidence, but findings may guide women and their health care practitioners.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsReproductive Techniques, AssistedAdolescentAdultAustraliaClomipheneCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedOvulation InductionYoung AdultClomiphene

Identifiers

PMID41805952
PMCPMC12976796

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.