ReviewThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2026
Primary Sternal Osteomyelitis or Sternal Pseudotumor of Childhood: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.
Review in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPrimary sternal osteomyelitis (PSO) in children is a rare condition with less than 100 cases described in the literature. Sternal pseudotumors and Self Limiting Sternal Tumor of Childhood (SELSTOC) as a different entity seem to have similar clinical findings but a completely different approach to treatment.
methodsWe analyze a case series of 5 cases of PSO and review the literature to compare PSO and SELSTOC.
resultsMain symptoms of PSO and SELSTOC involve presternal swelling (90% vs. 100%), pain (70% vs. 58%), erythema (47% vs. 27%) and fever (60% vs. 21%). The most reliable laboratory marker is erythrocyte sedimentation rate (96% vs. 100% positive), followed by C-reactive protein (89% vs. 65% positive) and white blood cell count (64% v.s 45% elevated). A pathogen could be isolated in 88% of PSO cases, whereas only in 6% of SELSTOC cases. While intervention or surgery rates were similar (58% vs. 38%), treatment with antibiotics differed significantly (100% vs. 33%).
conclusionsConsidering the similarities in clinical and radiologic features, SELSTOC might be a phenotype of PSO rather than a separate entity. Improved pathogen detection may help clarify its relationship to PSO and guide appropriate management strategies, particularly to avoid unnecessary treatment in benign cases of PSO.
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