ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Incidence of Herpes Zoster Infection (Shingles) Among Adults Living With and Without HIV in British Columbia, Canada: A Population-based Study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHerpes zoster (HZ) incidence is elevated among immunocompromised populations, including people living with HIV (PLWH). We evaluated HZ incidence, associated risk factors, recurrence, and postvaccination HZ occurrence among PLWH compared with people living without HIV (PLWoH) in British Columbia, Canada.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, population-based matched cohort study using data from the Comparative Outcomes and Service Utilization Trends study (2000-2019). PLWH aged ≥19 years initiating antiretroviral therapy were propensity-score matched to PLWoH from the general population. Incident HZ was identified from administrative health records using a 12-month washout. Age-stratified time-to-event, competing-risk, and multivariable models were used to estimate incidence, risk factors, recurrence, and vaccination-associated outcomes.
resultsAmong 9053 PLWH and 9053 matched PLWoH, HZ incidence rates were higher among PLWH overall. Before vaccine availability, PLWH experienced substantially higher HZ hazards than PLWoH, particularly among participants aged <50 years. After 2009, HZ risk remained elevated among younger PLWH, while hazards were similar between groups among those aged ≥50 years. HZ recurrence was approximately twice as frequent among PLWH. Among PLWH, advanced immunosuppression, including low CD4 cell counts and unsuppressed viral load, and selected comorbidities were independently associated with higher HZ risk. Postvaccination HZ incidence was low in both populations, with no meaningful difference between PLWH and PLWoH; breakthrough events were uncommon.
conclusionsPLWH remain at increased risk of HZ and recurrence, especially if younger or immunosuppressed. Vaccination was associated with a lower HZ risk supporting expanded access to recombinant zoster vaccination for immunocompromised adults irrespective of age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.