Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41805429›Full record

SynthesisJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2026

A Meta-Analytical Review of Executive Function Skills in Adults Who Stutter.

Levi C Ofoe, Katerina Ntourou, Shari Clifton, Geoffrey A Coalson

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Levi C OfoeDepartment of Counseling, Higher Education, and Speech-Language Pathology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton.ORCID 0009-0007-1116-873X
Katerina NtourouDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.ORCID 0000-0003-4665-0538
Shari CliftonReference & Instructional Services, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.ORCID 0000-0003-0743-8198
Geoffrey A CoalsonArthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education and Research, The University of Texas at Austin.ORCID 0000-0003-1179-2499

Funding

Inhibition and Working Memory Capacity in Adults Who StutterR21DC018109 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI COALSON, GEOFFREY · 2020 to 2022
$459k
NIDCD NIH HHS R21 DC018109
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeExecutive function has been identified as a potential area of vulnerability in individuals who stutter. The present study identified and analyzed the data across empirical studies of the executive function skills of adults who do (AWS) and do not stutter (AWNS).

methodElectronic databases, literature reviews, and reference sections of articles and dissertations were searched to identify candidate studies that examined behavioral measures of working memory, inhibition, and/or cognitive flexibility. A total of 39 studies met the eligibility criteria for this meta-analysis. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect sizes (Hedges's

resultsAWS were significantly less accurate than AWNS on measures of working memory (Hedges's

conclusionsPresent findings suggest that AWS, as a group, exhibit weaknesses in one component of executive function-working memory-compared to AWNS. Additional research is necessary to determine potential differences in inhibition and cognitive flexibility in AWS.

Indexed as

Executive FunctionStutteringAdultCognitive FlexibilityHumansInhibition, PsychologicalMemory, Short-TermNeuropsychological Tests

Identifiers

PMID41805429
PMCPMC13086193

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.