Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41805145›Full record

ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2026

Short-Term Changes in Retinal Activity With Four Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses.

Paulo Fernandes, Bárbara Marinho, Rafaela S Alves-de-Carvalho, José M González-Méijome

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Spectacle lenses for control of myopia progression in children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Paulo FernandesClinical & Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Bárbara MarinhoClinical & Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Rafaela S Alves-de-CarvalhoClinical & Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
José M González-MéijomeClinical & Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate whether defocus induced by four myopia control spectacle lenses translate into retinal functional changes. Methods: Nineteen young myopic adults (18-28 years) wore four lens that induce peripheral myopic defocus through different lenslet patterns: two segmented defocus optics (Aura 3 and Aura 6), defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS), and highly aspherical lenslet target (HALT). Retinal function was assessed at baseline, after 30 minutes, and after 15 days using photopic 3.0 full-field electroretinography (ERG), pattern ERG, and global-flash multifocal ERG. Results: The Aura 6 showed increased ff ERG a-wave amplitude at 15 days (P = 0.02), whereas the Aura 3 showed increased b-wave amplitude (P = 0.01). All lenses induced short-term pattern ERG amplitude increases (N35-P50, P50-N95; P < 0.01), with diverse segmented defocus optics maintaining higher responses at 15 days. On global flash multifocal ERG, HALT induced the strongest and most sustained amplitude increases in midperipheral and peripheral regions (14.8°-30.0°) with reduced implicit times at 30° (P = 0.03). The Aura 6 showed progressive but partially transient amplitude increases, and the Aura 3 elicited delayed enhancements at 14.8° to 23.0°. Defocus incorporated multiple segments showed early changes at 7.6° to 14.8° and 23° to 30°, which diminished by 15 days. Conclusions: Myopia control spectacle lenses produce distinct retinal electrophysiological responses related to their optical design and defocus profile. The HALT and Aura 6, with more widely distributed lenslet patterns, induced the most consistent changes in peripheral and inner retinal function. These findings support that optical defocus can modulate retinal activity, potentially contributing to mechanisms regulating eye growth. Translational Relevance: Different myopia control spectacle lens designs induce distinct functional changes in retinal activity, according their optical defocus profiles. Understanding these retinal responses may help to optimize lens strategies to improve myopia control efficacy.

Indexed as

EyeglassesMyopiaRetinaAdolescentAdultElectroretinographyFemaleHumansMalePhotic StimulationRefraction, OcularVisual AcuityYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41805145
PMCPMC12988696

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.