Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41804551›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2026

Mechanistic Insights into Layered Growth of Imine-Linked Bilayer 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Jiamin Sun, Guangyuan Feng, Karol Strutyński, Gangamallaiah Velpula, Shaoxuan Yuan, Manuel Melle-Franco, Kunal S Mali, Steven De Feyter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jiamin SunDivision of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
Guangyuan FengDivision of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
Karol StrutyńskiCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-8733-9012
Gangamallaiah VelpulaDivision of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-0642-6892
Shaoxuan YuanDivision of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
Manuel Melle-FrancoCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal.
Kunal S MaliDivision of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-9938-6446
Steven De FeyterDivision of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-0909-9292

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The crystallinity and stacking order of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) critically govern their physical properties and performance. However, direct molecular-resolution insight into the growth of layered 2D COFs remains elusive, particularly for imine-linked systems. Herein, an imine-linked bilayer 2D COF is constructed at the solid-liquid interface, enabling time-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) visualization of interlayer growth. STM imaging reveals a layered growth mechanism involving defect-mediated nucleation, lattice-guided directional propagation, cross-defect growth, and oriented domain coalescence. This growth pathway gives rise to local ordered-on-disordered stacking embedded within predominantly AA stacking domains. These findings provide direct molecular-level insights into layered growth under surface-confined conditions and offer a conceptual perspective for considering stacking disorder in bulk imine-linked COFs.

Identifiers

PMID41804551
PMCPMC13022869

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.