ArticleCureus2026
Clinical and Immunological Profiles With Treatment Patterns in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in the Eastern Part of India: A Retrospective, Hospital-Based, Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder with a wide range of clinical and immunological abnormalities. Several studies have been conducted on the clinical and immunological profile of SLE patients from different parts of India; however, similar studies are lacking from the Eastern region of the country. AIMS AND
objectivesThe primary objective was to study the clinical manifestations of SLE patients and to determine their immunological profile. The secondary objective was to find an association between clinical features and immunological profile. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in eastern India, analyzing all data from January 2019 to September 2023, where the diagnosed cases based on Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria were included. Records of 79 patients were evaluated, and their demographic profile, clinical manifestations, biochemical parameters, immunological parameters (antinuclear antibodies (ANA) screening and ANA profile) and treatment details were analysed. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Out of 79 patients, there was a female preponderance (6.9:1). The mean age was 29.5 ± 12.8 years. Common clinical manifestations included diffuse non-scarring alopecia 68 (86.1%), joint pain 67 (84.8%), fever 63 (79.7%), and oral ulcers 62 (78.5%). Lupus nephritis (LN) was found in 41 (51.9%) of patients. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were tested positive among 70 (88.6%) patients. The most commonly detected antibodies were anti-dsDNA 55 (69.6%), anti-U1snRNP 47 (59.5%), anti-Sm 35 (44.3%), anti-Ro 60 35 (44.3%), and anti-Ro52 31 (39.2%). Anti-Sm antibody significantly correlated with lupus nephritis (p=0.002), and anti-dsDNA was associated with maculopapular rash (p=0.012). Our study highlighted the role of rituximab in managing the various disease spectrum of SLE.
conclusionThis study compares the clinical and immunological profiles of patients from eastern India with those of similar other studies. While analysing, we also found a significant association between anti-dsDNA with maculopapular rash (p-value = 0.012) and anti-Sm antibody (25,60.97%) was the most common antibody among LN patients, with a significant association (p-value = 0.002). Our study also highlighted the management of a few challenging cases, like that of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA), and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.