ArticleBorderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation2026
Evaluating a brief MBCT programme for non-suicidal self-injury in individuals with BPD: a within-subject pre-post pilot study.
Article in Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a robust predictor of future suicide attempts and death. Access to comprehensive treatments such as dialectical behaviour therapy remains limited.
methodsThis exploratory study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a brief, group-based mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program tailored to reduce NSSI (MBCT-NSSI) and improve associated psychological processes. Using a nonrandomised within-subject pre–post design with a waiting-period comparison, assessments were conducted at baseline (T1; n = 120), pre-intervention (T2; n = 72), and post-intervention (T3; n = 50). Outpatients with BPD and recent NSSI participated in a 9-week MBCT-NSSI group programme; key exclusions were acute suicide risk, psychosis, mania, and severe substance use. Primary outcomes were NSSI frequency and mindfulness. Secondary outcomes included self-compassion, self-esteem, impulsivity, depression, dissociation, and emotion regulation. Within-subject changes were analysed via linear mixed modelling and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of dropout among eligible participants. No blinding or randomisation procedures were applied.
resultsAmong completers (N = 50), primary outcomes showed a significant reduction in NSSI frequency and an increase in mindfulness. Improvements were also observed across several secondary outcomes, including depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and emotion regulation. For mindfulness and secondary self-report outcomes, changes were observed between T2 and T3 but not during the waiting-list period. For NSSI, which was evaluated only at T1 and T3, findings should be interpreted as preliminary signal detection. Dissociative symptoms showed a non-significant trend toward improvement. Dropout among eligible patients was associated with higher impulsivity, maladaptive regulation, and, unexpectedly, higher self-compassion, whereas fewer comorbid diagnoses predicted lower treatment retention.
conclusionsMBCT-NSSI may be a feasible and potentially beneficial adjunctive intervention for individuals with BPD who engage in NSSI, with improvements in emotion regulation and preliminary signals of reduced self-harm frequency. These findings support further investigation through controlled trials and longer follow-up.
trial registrationNot applicable. The study had a within-subject pre–post design without a control condition, and therefore does not meet the ICMJE definition of a clinical trial. De-identified data are openly available via the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZUR84 .
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