Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41803898›Full record

ReviewCritical care (London, England)2026

Pediatric Intensive Care Core Outcomes-a modified Delphi consensus process (PIC-CO).

Nadine Mand, Victoria Lieftüchter, Jens H Westhoff, Stefanie Hort, Richard Biedermann, Christine Müller-Brandes, Michael Merker, Hans Fuchs, Francesco Cardona, Angelina Beer and 8 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Critical care (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Nadine Mand *Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany.
Victoria Lieftüchter *Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Jens H Westhoff *Department I, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Stefanie Hort *Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics With Focus On Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Richard BiedermannDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
Christine Müller-BrandesDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Children´S and Youth Hospital Auf Der Bult, Hanover, Germany.
Michael MerkerDepartment for Children and Adolescents, Division for Neonatology, Critical Care, and Cardiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
Hans FuchsNeonatology and Ped. Critical Care, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Francesco CardonaComprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Angelina BeerPediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Florian HoffmannDepartment of Pediatrics, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany.
Frida RegnerPediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Sarah LampePediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Cynthia PönickePediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Christoph Härtel *Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Christian Brickmann *TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik Muenchen Schwabing, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Nora Bruns *Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. nora.bruns@uk-essen.de.
Section of Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI)

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDespite substantial improvements in survival after pediatric intensive care, long-term morbidity remains frequent and insufficiently assessed. No standardized, consensus-based core outcome set (COS) tailored to German-speaking regions exists. This study developed a Pediatric Intensive Care Core Outcome (PIC-CO) set to harmonize outcome assessment and follow-up of PICU survivors for clinical practice and research in German-speaking regions.

methodsA modified Delphi process was conducted within the Section of Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (SPIE) of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. A multiprofessional expert panel identified outcome domains and questionnaires. Following internal consensus using predefined criteria, candidate questionnaires and short-term outcomes were submitted to an external Delphi survey distributed to SPIE members. Consensus and acceptance thresholds were defined a priori. Final questionnaire selection and recommendations for follow-up time points were agreed on by the expert panel.

resultsSeventeen experts participated in the internal consensus phase. Of 65 evaluated questionnaires, 1–3 questionnaires per domain and 11 short-term outcomes were submitted to the external survey (46 respondents). All short-term outcomes and at least one questionnaire per domain reached acceptance; the majority achieved consensus. The final PIC-CO set comprises seven questionnaires across six domains and 11 short-term outcomes, alongside a structured follow-up schedule.

conclusionsThe PIC-CO set provides the first consensus-based, pragmatically implementable COS for pediatric critical care in German-speaking countries, enabling standardized long-term assessment for clinical practice and research. Substantial overlap with international initiatives was observed, with differences mainly related to cognitive assessment and domain structuring.

Indexed as

ConsensusOutcome Assessment, Health CareChildCritical CareDelphi TechniqueGermanyHumansIntensive Care Units, PediatricPediatricsSurveys and QuestionnairesCritical Care / StandardsOutcome Assessment, Health care /StandardsPatient Reported Outcome Measures, Pediatric Intensive CareQuality of Life / Psychology

Identifiers

PMID41803898
PMCPMC13064096

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.