ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Promoting antimicrobial stewardship on dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia: a field intervention with One Health implications.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing risks to both animal and human health. Despite growing awareness, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives remain limited in Ethiopia’s dairy sector. This study evaluated the effects of farm-level AMS training on farmers’ knowledge and attitudes toward AMR and AMU, and disease incidence on dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia.
methodsA prospective field intervention was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025 among 22 dairy farms with at least 20 lactating cows each. Farms were allocated to intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups based on geographical proximity. Baseline assessments preceded AMS training, with follow-up evaluations at three and six months. The AMS intervention included participatory training on prudent AMU, infection prevention, and record-keeping. Changes in farmers’ knowledge and attitudes were measured using structured questionnaires; AMU was quantified as treatments per 100 cow-days, and disease incidence as new cases per 100 cow-days.
resultsFollowing AMS training, mean knowledge scores in the intervention group increased from 48.2% to 78.6% (p < 0.05), while control farms did not significantly change (47.3% to 51.5%). Attitude scores changed from 3.1 to 4.2 (p < 0.05). Antimicrobial treatment rates changed from 4.5 to 2.0 per 100 cow-days in the intervention group (56% reduction), with minimal change in controls (4.1 to 3.9). Disease incidence declined from 7.9 to 4.5 cases per 100 cow-days, a 43% reduction, with the largest decreases observed for mastitis (52%) and respiratory disease (47%).
conclusionTargeted AMS training was associated with change of farmers’ knowledge and attitudes, reduction of AMU, and decreased disease incidence on dairy farms. These findings may show the effect of participatory, farm-level stewardship programs in promoting responsible AMU and herd health, with potential benefits for One Health. Sustained follow-up and integration into veterinary extension services are recommended to maintain long-term impact.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.