Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41803792›Full record

ArticleBMC nursing2026

The management of nurses in internet-based home care in tertiary general hospitals in China: a mixed methods study.

Ziwei Cao, Liqing Yue, Huan Peng, Bingyu Li, Bin Peng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ziwei CaoTeaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Liqing YueTeaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. ylq6998@163.com.
Huan PengTeaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Bingyu LiTeaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Bin PengTeaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Funding

Health Human Resources Development Center, National Health Commission, P.R.China. 2021-HLYJ-003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChina is currently implementing an “Internet-Based Home Care” program, wherein medical institutions utilize institution-registered nurses to provide door-to-door nursing services to discharged patients or those with limited mobility through an “online application and offline service” model. Tertiary general hospitals play a leading role in this program, and effective nurse management is crucial for its success. However, the overall development status of Internet-based home care in these hospitals remains unclear. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the current status and challenges of nurse management in Internet-based home care within Chinese tertiary general hospitals and to propose evidence-informed recommendations.

methodsWe employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. From March to December 2022, we first conducted a national cross-sectional survey of 117 tertiary general hospitals. Findings from this quantitative phase informed the development of a focus group interview guide. Subsequently, a focus group was conducted with eight experienced home care nurses to qualitatively explore the underlying reasons and contextual factors behind the survey results.

resultsThe survey revealed that the coverage rate of Internet-based home care in Chinese tertiary general hospitals was 64.1%. Among hospitals offering the service, 51.3% had fewer than 5% of their nurses participating, and 85% provided the service fewer than 50 times monthly. Although 97.33% of hospitals offered pre-job training and assessment, no uniform standards existed. Legal and medical safety risks persisted, and benefit distribution mechanisms among stakeholders were underdeveloped. The qualitative findings provided depth to these challenges, revealing that nurses’ positive attitudes were tempered by concerns about work-life balance and safety. Their concrete proposals centered on developing collaborative service models (e.g., with community providers), implementing standardized training and assessment, establishing fair incentive mechanisms, and enhancing safety protocols through technology and policy support.

conclusionThis study provides a systematic analysis of nurse involvement in internet-based home care in Chinese tertiary hospitals. Based on the integration of quantitative and qualitative data, the study calls for strategic human resource policies, standardized training, robust safety measures, and supportive policies to guide the sustainable development of Internet-based home care in China.

Indexed as

Health personnel managementHome nursingMixed methods researchTertiary care centers

Identifiers

PMID41803792
PMCPMC13085653

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.