Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41803535›Full record

SynthesisClinical oral investigations2026

Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nour Ammar, Karl-Ferdinand Fresen, Falk Schwendicke, Jan Kühnisch

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nour AmmarDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Karl-Ferdinand FresenDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Falk SchwendickeDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Jan KühnischDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany. Jan.Kuehnisch@med.uni-muenchen.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveRecently, the systematic review and meta-analysis "Epidemiological Trends in Enamel Hypomineralisation and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" was published in Clinical Oral Investigations. In 2025 a reader brought the omission of an epidemiological study from North America to the attention of the author group. MATERIALS AND

methodsAfter checking the eligibility for inclusion we aimed at updating the meta-analysis. After inclusion of this overlooked study the systematic review and meta-analysis covers 139 studies and data from a total of 199,999 participants.

resultsFor North America, the MIH prevalence estimate decreased slightly from 0.239 (95% CI: 0.144-0.334) to 0.223 (95% CI: 0.140-0.306). Notably, the global prevalence estimate for MIH remained unchanged at 0.155 (95% CI: 0.144-0.166).

conclusionThe addition of the overlooked study influenced slightly the MIH outcome for North America but had no impact on the previously drawn conclusions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Enamel hypomineralisation/ Molar incisor hypomineralisation is prevalent across the globe and needs attention by dental practitioners.

Indexed as

Dental Enamel HypomineralizationMolar HypomineralizationGlobal HealthHumansNorth AmericaPrevalenceCross-sectional studiesEnamel hypomineraisationEpidemiologyHealth surveysOral health

Identifiers

PMID41803535
PMCPMC12971924

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.