Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41803419›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

Global genomic diversity of temperate P2-like viruses.

Yundan Liu, Ruize Liu, Kaiyang Zheng, Ziyue Wang, Hongbing Shao, Andrew McMinn, Min Wang, Yantao Liang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yundan Liu *MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Ruize Liu *Department of Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China.
Kaiyang Zheng *MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Ziyue Wang *MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Hongbing ShaoMoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Andrew McMinnMoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-3854
Min WangMoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. mingwang@ouc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-589X
Yantao LiangMoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Marine Microbial Resource Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. liangyantao@ouc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-8197

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025M770867National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 42120104006National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 42176111
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

P2-like viruses (P2Vs), temperate phages of the Peduoviridae family, possess a lysogenic lifestyle that renders traditional isolation unsuitable, hindering our understanding of their diversity and ecological roles. Utilizing profile-hidden Markov models to analyze public databases, this study achieved four major advances: (1) Identified 5945 P2V genomes and built the P2V Genome Dataset (P2VGD), expanding known genomes 48-fold; (2) Phylogenetic classification into 13 superclades and 4671 genus-level clusters, a 106-fold diversity increase; (3) Identification of 757 auxiliary metabolic genes with biome-specific metatranscriptomic activities: human gut P2Vs encode antibiotic efflux and cell-wall remodeling enzymes, while oligotrophic marine P2Vs express glycan-scavenging enzymes; (4) Uncovering their widespread distribution across diverse biomes, dominated by host-associated environments but extending to under-sampled natural ecosystems. These findings greatly expand the genomic and functional understanding of P2Vs, highlighting their biological strategies in host adaptation, virus-host co-evolution, and microbiome dynamics.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesGenetic VariationGenome, ViralGenomicsHumansPhylogeny

Identifiers

PMID41803419
PMCPMC13100340

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.