ArticleScientific reports2026
Geospatial patterns and socio-environmental factors of household overcrowding in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Goal 11 aims make cities and human settlements safe, resilient, inclusive, and sustainable, with special emphasis on reducing overcrowding, adequate and healthy housing. However, many governments in the African continent are facing challenges with inadequate housing as population growth and livelihood coupled with insufficient infrastructure, grow faster than having affordable housing. This research study sought to explore spatial differences and factors associated with overcrowding among households in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study design was utilized to engage a nationally representative dataset to understand the demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors of household overcrowding. Data analysis employed STATA 17, ArcGIS 10.8, and Kulldorff’s Sat Scan 10.2.5, with sampling weights applied to ensure robust statistical estimates. The prevalence of household overcrowding in Ethiopia was (69.62%), showing a higher burden in the Somali region (78.8%) and lower burden in Addis Ababa City (47.3%). The Sat Scan analysis revealed a significant cluster in the south and central regions (LLR = 9.10, P = 0.0051). Geographically weighted regression analysis revealed that lack of education, no attainment of primary education, lack of media exposure, more than five family members, and use of pastoralist livelihoods were spatial factors of household overcrowding in Ethiopia. The prevalence of household overcrowding in Ethiopia shows a relatively high prevalence compared to other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study also showed that lack of education, limited attainment at the primary level, no media exposure, more than five family members, living on pastoralist region significant spatial factors of household overcrowding. Geographically tailored interventions including access to information in the northwest while higher education, improved livelihoods, infrastructure development, and culturally appropriate housing solutions in the east are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.