Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41803044›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2026

Effects of caregiving experience on expectations of becoming an Alzheimer's disease caregiver in the future.

Shana D Stites, Carolyn Kuz, Kristin Harkins, Pamela Sankar, Norma B Coe, Mary Mittelman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shana D StitesDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Carolyn KuzDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.ORCID 0009-0004-3118-5201
Kristin HarkinsDivision of Geriatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5360-1043
Pamela SankarDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Norma B CoeDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1228-0938
Mary MittelmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States.

Funding

Study of Cognitive Symptoms and Future Time Perspective in Preclinical Alzheimer's DiseaseK23AG065442 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI STITES, SHANA D. · 2020 to 2024
$886k
NIA NIH HHS K23 AG065442NIA NIH HHS K23AG065442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesResearch often focuses on persons who are or have been caregivers to a person with dementia. Little is known about stigma reactions in persons who expect to care for a person with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding these beliefs may help guide clinical discussions with family members of persons with AD, particularly those diagnosed in the early stages.

methodsA sample of 3,527 adults was randomized to read a vignette describing a fictional person with either a positive or a negative AD biomarker test result. Bivariate and multivariable analyses examined associations between AD caregiver status (expected and experienced) and responses on a modified Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FS-ADS).

resultsAbout 31% (n = 1,090) of participants expected to be a caregiver for a person with AD, and most (63%) had previously been a caregiver. Controlling for differences in caregiving experience and other potential confounders, participants expecting (vs. not) to be AD caregivers reported higher willingness to support, more pity, and fewer negative aesthetic attributions than participants with (vs. without) AD caregiving experience (all p < .05). DISCUSSION: Caregiving experience is a strong predictor of a person's expectations of becoming one in the future, which runs counter to observed caregiving patterns, suggesting that for most people, becoming a caregiver is unexpected. Helping individuals set more accurate expectations for future caregiving roles is essential to support planning and preparation. Specific findings may inform the content of support and education programs that could accompany disclosure of AD biomarkers and early diagnosis.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCaregiversSocial StigmaAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFamilyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOutcome ExpectationsBiomarkersCaregiversDisclosureExpectations

Identifiers

PMID41803044
PMCPMC13049595

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.