ArticleBMJ open2026
Perspectives of female and under-represented physicians on well-being in medicine: a qualitative study from an academic medical centre in the USA.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundStress and burnout are pervasive among physicians. Academic physicians who are female and physicians who are under-represented in medicine (URM) face inequities in the workplace and beyond. Understanding their experiences is crucial for workforce sustainability and diversity, especially given the disproportionate effects on these individuals and overall workforce capacity.
objectiveTo qualitatively explore the perspectives of academic female and URM physicians and identify key themes affecting their careers and well-being.
designSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 physicians at an urban academic health system. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using a general inductive approach. Interview guides were informed by prior literature and constructs.
interventionNone. SETTING AND
participantsFemale and URM physicians from a large, academic medical centre were recruited via email. Participants self-reported demographic information, including sex, race, ethnicity and tenure. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes encompassed the main themes identified through the analysis of interviews with female and URM physicians regarding their perspectives on well-being, mental health and academic medicine.
results30 female or URM physicians were interviewed (27 (90%) female; 14 (47%) black, Asian or multi-racial). Thematic analysis revealed four key themes: physician identity (URM, female, family), well-being in the workplace (emotional health, staffing burden, non-clinical responsibilities), barriers to accessing well-being resources (workplace environment, culture, overgeneralisation) and facilitators to well-being (physician camaraderie, leadership support). Physicians discussed how their identities influenced their experiences of well-being. They highlighted emotional health challenges, staffing burdens and administrative tasks contributing to stress. Barriers to accessing resources included workplace culture and broad-based interventions, while supportive leadership and camaraderie were identified as facilitators of access.
conclusionFemale and URM physicians face systemic challenges impacting their well-being and careers. These findings underscore the need to address systemic changes and specifically design programmes focused on promoting the well-being and inclusivity of female and URM physicians. Tailored interventions to these individuals, supportive leadership structures and collaborative working cultures are crucial for addressing these issues and sustaining a diverse physician workforce.
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