Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41802660›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2026

Gestational exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child growth in weight, height, and body mass index at age 2-10 years: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.

Anne P Starling, Xuan Li, Jennifer L Ames, Emily S Barrett, Theresa M Bastain, Claudia Buss, Dana Dabelea, Anne L Dunlop, Assiamira Ferrara, Monique M Hedderson and 17 more

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Article in Environmental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Anne P StarlingDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. Electronic address: anne.starling@unc.edu.
Xuan LiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jennifer L AmesDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Emily S BarrettDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Theresa M BastainDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Claudia BussCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Development, Health, and Disease Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Dana DabeleaLifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Anne L DunlopDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Assiamira FerraraDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Monique M HeddersonDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Julie HerbstmanDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA.
Kurunthachalam KannanWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12237, USA.
Margaret KaragasDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Thomas G O'ConnorDepartments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Jiwon OhDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Alicia K PetersonDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Megan E RomanoDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Sheela SathyanarayanaDepartment of Pediatrics and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Adjunct Dept of Epidemiology and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rebecca J SchmidtDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Hyagriv N SimhanDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rita S StrakovskyDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Leonardo TrasandeDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Pathik D WadhwaDevelopment, Health, and Disease Research Program and Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Qi ZhaoDepartment of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Deborah H BennettDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Jessie P BuckleyDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
ECHO Cohort Consortium

Funding

Project-005U2COD023375 · OD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Linda S Adair, Phillip Brian Smith · 2016 to 2026
$215.9M
ECHODAC (Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Data Analysis Center)U24OD023382 · OD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Diane J Catellier, LISA P JACOBSON · 2016 to 2026
$148.4M
Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) ECHO Pediatric Follow-UpUH3OD023282 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI James E. Gern · 2018 to 2026
$64.8M
The NYU Children’s Health & Environment Study: an ECHO CohortUH3OD023305 · OD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Akhgar Ghassabian, Leonardo Trasande · 2018 to 2026
$59.5M
Mount Sinai ECHO site for Perinatal Environment and Development StudiesUH3OD023337 · OD · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI KECIA Nicole CARROLL, Robert O Wright · 2018 to 2026
$54.1M
A prospective study of critical environmental exposures in formative early life that impact lifelong health in rural US children: the New Hampshire Birth Cohort StudyUH3OD023275 · OD · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI MARGARET Rita KARAGAS, Juliette Madan · 2018 to 2026
$44.3M
The ECHO Measurement Core: A Framework and Resource for Assessing Environmental Exposure and Child HealthU24OD023319 · OD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Courtney K Blackwell, RICHARD GERSHON · 2016 to 2026
$43.7M
Prenatal and Early Childhood Pathways To Health:  An Integrated Model of Chemical and Social Exposures, Biological Mechanisms, and Sex-Specific Effects on Neurodevelopment and Respiratory OutcomesUH3OD023271 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BUSH, NICOLE RENEE, KARR, CATHERINE J · 2018 to 2022
$37.3M
ECHO Laboratory Core at Vanderbilt for Integrated Sample Biobanking and ProcessingU24OD035523 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Suman Ranjan Das, NATASHA Bassam HALASA · 2023 to 2026
$32.8M
Environmental Influences on Childhood Outcomes in the Northern Plains Safe Passage Study CohortsUH3OD023279 · OD · AVERA MCKENNAN · PI Amy J Elliott, Christine W Hockett · 2018 to 2026
$31.7M
Lifecourse Approach to Developmental Repercussions of Environmental Agents on Metabolic and Respiratory Health (LA DREAMERs)UH3OD023287 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BASTAIN, THERESA M, BRETON, CARRIE VAN DOREN · 2018 to 2022
$28.4M
The NYU Children’s Health & Environment Study: an ECHO CohortUG3OD023305 · OD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI TRASANDE, LEONARDO · 2016 to 2024
$26.5M
NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD104252NIEHS NIH HHS U24 ES026539NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES026533NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES026542NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES026555NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES026561NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES030851NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES030857NIEHS NIH HHS U2C ES030859NIH HHS U24 OD023319NIH HHS U24 OD023382NIH HHS U24 OD035523NIH HHS U2C OD023375NIH HHS UG3 OD023244NIH HHS UG3 OD023248NIH HHS UG3 OD023249NIH HHS UG3 OD023251NIH HHS UG3 OD023253NIH HHS UG3 OD023272NIH HHS UG3 OD023275NIH HHS UG3 OD023279NIH HHS UG3 OD023282NIH HHS UG3 OD023285NIH HHS UG3 OD023288NIH HHS UG3 OD023289NIH HHS UG3 OD023290NIH HHS UG3 OD023305NIH HHS UG3 OD023313NIH HHS UG3 OD023337NIH HHS UG3 OD023342NIH HHS UG3 OD023344NIH HHS UG3 OD023348NIH HHS UG3 OD023349NIH HHS UG3 OD023365NIH HHS UG3 OD023389NIH HHS UG3 OD035508NIH HHS UG3 OD035509NIH HHS UG3 OD035513NIH HHS UG3 OD035516NIH HHS UG3 OD035517NIH HHS UG3 OD035518NIH HHS UG3 OD035519NIH HHS UG3 OD035521NIH HHS UG3 OD035526NIH HHS UG3 OD035527NIH HHS UG3 OD035528NIH HHS UG3 OD035529NIH HHS UG3 OD035532NIH HHS UG3 OD035533NIH HHS UG3 OD035536NIH HHS UG3 OD035537NIH HHS UG3 OD035540NIH HHS UG3 OD035542NIH HHS UG3 OD035543NIH HHS UG3 OD035544NIH HHS UG3 OD035546NIH HHS UG3 OD035550NIH HHS UH3 OD023244NIH HHS UH3 OD023248NIH HHS UH3 OD023249NIH HHS UH3 OD023251NIH HHS UH3 OD023253NIH HHS UH3 OD023268NIH HHS UH3 OD023271NIH HHS UH3 OD023272NIH HHS UH3 OD023275NIH HHS UH3 OD023279NIH HHS UH3 OD023282NIH HHS UH3 OD023285NIH HHS UH3 OD023286NIH HHS UH3 OD023287NIH HHS UH3 OD023288NIH HHS UH3 OD023289NIH HHS UH3 OD023290NIH HHS UH3 OD023305NIH HHS UH3 OD023313NIH HHS UH3 OD023318NIH HHS UH3 OD023320NIH HHS UH3 OD023328NIH HHS UH3 OD023332NIH HHS UH3 OD023337NIH HHS UH3 OD023342NIH HHS UH3 OD023344NIH HHS UH3 OD023347NIH HHS UH3 OD023348NIH HHS UH3 OD023349NIH HHS UH3 OD023365NIH HHS UH3 OD023389NIH HHS UH3 OD035518NIH HHS UH3 OD035521NIH HHS UH3 OD035526NIH HHS UH3 OD035528NIH HHS UH3 OD035529NIH HHS UH3 OD035536NIH HHS UH3 OD035542NIH HHS UH3 OD035543NIH HHS UH3 OD035546
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPregnant women are widely exposed to organophosphate esters (OPEs). Few studies have examined how gestational OPE exposures may influence child growth rates, which are important predictors of subsequent cardiometabolic health.

methodsAmong 4566 mother-child dyads from 14 sites within the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort, we evaluated associations of gestational urinary concentrations of nine OPE metabolites with early and mid-childhood rates of change in age- and sex-standardized weight (WAZ), height (HAZ), and body mass index (BMIZ). Using linear mixed models, we estimated associations between each OPE metabolite and each growth measure separately in early childhood (2-5 years; n = 4321) and mid-childhood (6-10 years; n = 2504). We evaluated effect modification by child sex and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.

resultsRates of change in WAZ and HAZ during early childhood were higher per doubling of gestational bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) (WAZ: 0.003 SD-units/year; 95% CI 0.001, 0.005; HAZ: 0.005 SD-units/year, 95% CI 0.002, 0.007). During mid-childhood, gestational diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) was positively associated with the rate of change in BMIZ (0.011 SD-units/year, 95% CI 0.004, 0.017) and WAZ (0.007 SD-units/year, 95% CI 0.002, 0.013). Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) was associated with lower rates of growth in both periods. Some positive associations with rates of growth in early childhood were stronger among females, and children of mothers with BMI<25 kg/m DISCUSSION: In this large, diverse sample of U.S. children, gestational exposure to OPEs was associated with child growth rates, but the direction and magnitude differed by OPE biomarker and developmental period (early- or mid-childhood).

Indexed as

Body HeightBody WeightChild DevelopmentEnvironmental PollutantsFlame RetardantsMaternal ExposureOrganophosphatesOrganophosphorus CompoundsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsBody Mass IndexChildChild, PreschoolDevelopmental Origins of Health and DiseaseEstersFemaleHumansEnvironmental PollutantsEstersFlame RetardantsOrganophosphatesOrganophosphorus CompoundsChildren's healthFlame retardantGrowthOPEsOrganophosphate esterPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID41802660
PMCPMC13056251

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.