ArticlePediatric dermatology
Tinea Capitis and Down Syndrome: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Pediatric dermatology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTinea capitis is a prevalent dermatophyte disorder among children, yet little is known about its occurrence and treatment in children with Down syndrome (DS). This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe and compare the clinical presentation, mycological findings, and treatment response of tinea capitis in children with and without DS.
methodsA multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from three clinical dermatology centers in Jordan (2015-2024). Multivariate regression analysis and time-to-event statistics were used to compare clinical symptoms, the causative dermatophyte, treatment regimens, and outcomes between children with DS (n = 112) and control children (n = 1208).
resultsA total of 1320 pediatric tinea capitis cases were included, of which 112 (8.5%) had DS. Children with DS had an increased incidence of inflammatory presentations, especially the development of kerion (42.9% vs. 18.5%, p < 0.001). When comparing the causative dermatophyte in children with DS and the control group, Trichophyton violaceum was prevalent in DS (58.9% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.009), unlike Microsporum canis, which was less frequent in DS (13.4% DS vs. 25.6% control, p = 0.004). At 8 weeks, the clinical cure rate was significantly lower among children with DS (61.6% vs. 78.9% control, p < 0.001), and the median time to resolution was longer, 10.4 weeks (95% CI [8.9-12.1]) versus 7.3 weeks in control group (95% CI [6.8-7.9], p < 0.001). DS remained an independent predictor of treatment failure (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI [1.43-3.23], p < 0.001) and recurrence within 6 months after initial cure (aOR = 2.71, 95% CI [1.58-4.65], p < 0.001) after controlling for age, sex, dermatophyte species, and comorbidities.
conclusionsTinea capitis in children with DS is more inflammatory, has unique mycological characteristics, and has a poorer response to treatment compared to children without DS. These findings may help health care providers more effectively manage this infection in patients with DS.
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