ArticleRadiation oncology journal2026
An insight into the pharmacoeconomics of carbon ion radiotherapy: a systematic review.
Article in Radiation oncology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
purposeMalignant diseases are among the most pressing public health challenges, exerting significant pressure on healthcare resources. Innovative cancer treatments like carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) by virtue of its advantages in physical properties, biological effectiveness, and dose distribution compared to photon and proton therapies stands out. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of CIRT in cancer treatment by systematically reviewing existing economic evaluations. Material and Methods: The protocol is registered with PROSPERO and employed PRISMA Guidelines. Systematic searches across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, between January 2000 and March 2025 were conducted and CIRT pharmacoeconomic articles were included. Screening of the search results, critical quality assessment using Drummond and CHEERS checklist and data extraction were performed.
resultsOut of the 10 studies included in this systematic review, seven analysed cost effectiveness and three analysed cost. Total cost for CIRT ranged from €16,937 (approx. USD 19,595) to €43,600 (approx. USD 50,443) and JPY 3,140,000 (approx. USD 20,450) to JPY 4,974,278 (approx. USD 32,396) in Germany and Japan, respectively. Seven studies assessed and reported increased effectiveness of CIRT. Reduction in CIRT technical fees, reirradiation with IMRT, increased survival rate with CIRT, local control rate by 60% with CIRT were found to reduce incremental cost effectiveness ratio.
conclusionNine studies show CIRT is cost effective in NSCLC, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, head and neck cancer, skull-based chordoma, recurrent rectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The cost-effectiveness of CIRT is likely to improve more in real-world clinical practice due to enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity, reduced fractionation, and cost reductions.
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