ArticleInflammopharmacology2026
Ethanolic extract of propolis attenuates inflammation and promotes mucosal repair in an indomethacin-induced murine model of enteropathy.
Article in Inflammopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a major clinical challenge in public health, due to persistent intestinal inflammation and limited therapeutic efficacy of most widely used treatments, underlining the need for novel natural anti-inflammatory agents. Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees. It contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, known for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We endeavored in our present study to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Four experimental groups were constituted (n = 8/group): Indomethacin (15 mg/kg), Indomethacin + EEP (50 mg/kg), Vehicle (5% sodium bicarbonate), and Control. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were determined by ELISA, while nitrite levels and the expression of iNOS and NF-κB in peritoneal macrophages were assessed. Histological evaluation of intestinal segments was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Our results showed that indomethacin significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17), nitrite production, iNOS and NF-κB expression, accompanied by severe mucosal damage in all intestinal segments. Importantly, EEP treatment significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-17 levels, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 production, and markedly downregulated iNOS and NF-κB expression in peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, EEP preserved villus architecture, maintained crypt integrity, and substantially reduced submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Altogether, our findings support the potent anti-inflammatory and mucosal-protective effects of Algerian propolis in indomethacin-induced experimental enteropathy, suggesting that EEP may constitute a promising therapeutic candidate for managing NSAID-induced intestinal inflammatory disorders and may have a potential clinical value in IBD treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41801599What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.