ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026
Pediatric native and transplant kidney biopsies: complications and risk factors.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundKidney biopsies are common diagnostic procedures. Risk factors for biopsy complications in children are not well delineated. The objective of our study is to assess complication rates in pediatric native and transplant kidney biopsies and associated clinical and technical risk factors.
methodsOur retrospective study at BC Children's Hospital (Vancouver, Canada) included 402 biopsies performed on 232 patients from 2010-2018. Data were obtained through patient chart review. Minor complications were defined as perinephric hematomas ≥ 2 cm or labelled as at least "moderate", arteriovenous fistula, or pseudoaneurysm. Major complications were defined as complication requiring blood transfusion, embolization, or surgery.
resultsThere were 32 biopsy complications (8%) of which one was a major complication. The most common complication was hematoma in native kidneys, and arteriovenous fistula in transplant kidneys. Complications rates were significantly higher in children < 3 years of age (22%, p = 0.046), female patients (11%, p = 0.048), patients with eGFR ≤ 30 ml/min/1.73 m
conclusionsKidney biopsies are a relatively safe procedure, especially in transplant patients. Specific patient populations (children < 3 years, patients with low eGFR, anemia, and vasculitis/SLE) may be at higher risk of complications. Standardization of biopsy protocol and complication definition will enhance consistency of outcome reporting and allow evidence-based improvement in biopsy practices.
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