ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
Genetic evidence for the associations of sleep patterns with cognitive function in older adults: insights from polygenic scores in the Taiwan biobank.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSleep traits have been linked to cognitive aging, but observational associations are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation. Using genetically informed polygenic risk scores (PRSs), this study examined associations between genetic liability to sleep traits and cognitive function in an East Asian population. We further assessed whether educational attainment, as a marker of cognitive reserve, modifies these associations.
methodsParticipants aged ≥ 60 years from the Taiwan Biobank underwent cognitive assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline (n = 27,343) and follow-up (n = 6,273; mean follow-up = 3.9 years). PRSs for chronotype, sleep duration, long sleep, short sleep, insomnia, and daytime napping were constructed. Associations with baseline MMSE and longitudinal MMSE change were evaluated, and PRS × education interactions were tested.
resultsHigher PRSs for early chronotype, longer sleep duration, and long sleep (> 8 h) were associated with lower baseline MMSE scores (β range per SD increase: -0.05 to - 0.03), but were not associated with MMSE change over follow-up. A significant interaction was observed between long-sleep PRS and education for MMSE change (p for interaction = 0.0008), with greater decline among individuals with lower educational attainment. In contrast, no association was observed in higher-education groups.
conclusionsGenetic liability to early chronotype and long sleep duration is associated with lower late-life cognitive performance, primarily reflecting differences in baseline cognitive status rather than short-term cognitive decline. Higher educational attainment may mitigate cognitive vulnerability associated with genetic predisposition to long sleep, consistent with a cognitive-reserve framework.
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