ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2026
A Droplet Evaporimeter for Evaluating Eye Care Formulations.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Controlled-Area Droplet Evaporimeter Reveals Surface Pressure-Dependent Evaporation Resistance of the Tear Film Lipid Layer.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study explores the development and application of a convenient droplet-based evaporimeter system as a research tool to investigate the evaporation of lubricating eye drop formulations and potentially other ophthalmic applications. Method: The evaporimeter integrates a goniometer with an environmental control system, allowing for precise test solution adjustment and a wide range of environmental settings. To verify the system design, pure water evaporation was conducted under various environmental conditions. Measured water evaporation rates aligned with the theoretical kinetic mass-transfer model. Evaporation evaluations were performed under conditions simulating the ocular surface in typical indoor environments. This study compared the evaporative flux of three baseline solutions and various commercial lubricating eye drop formulations. Results: Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) had an evaporative flux similar to water, whereas simulated artificial tear solution (ATS), containing tear components, exhibited a lower evaporative flux. Among the tested eye drops, Systane Pro Preservative Free demonstrated the greatest reduction in evaporative flux, highlighting a potential synergistic effect between mineral oil and hyaluronic acid. Conclusions: An advanced evaporation evaluation system designed for in vitro and ex vivo research has been established to provide a rapid method with tunable sample/environment conditions to assess evaporative flux from eye drop formulations. This study enables future work to investigate eye drop formulations and their interactions with tear components to better understand their effects on reducing tear evaporation in dry eye. Translational Relevance: This work provides a reliable method to evaluate the effectiveness of eye drop formulations in reducing tear evaporation, which is essential for managing dry eye.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.