ArticleBiomolecules & biomedicine2026
30-day mortality prediction in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Incremental value of the prognostic nutritional index with ABC and Rockall scores.
Article in Biomolecules & biomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparative Predictive Performance of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk Scores and the CALLY Index in Geriatric Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mortality risk among patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is heterogeneous, underscoring the importance of early identification of high-risk individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in predicting 30-day mortality and to determine whether incorporating PNI into established risk markers enhances prognostic accuracy. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 619 patients with acute upper GI bleeding who presented to a tertiary university hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2024. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from medical records. PNI was calculated using serum albumin and lymphocyte count at the time of admission, with the primary outcome being 30-day mortality. Predictors of mortality were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The incremental prognostic value of PNI was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the DeLong test. The median age of participants was 74.0 years (interquartile range: 63.0-81.0), and 38% of the patients were female. The observed 30-day mortality rate was 7.9%. Non-survivors displayed significantly lower PNI levels compared to survivors (37.6 vs. 43.6; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, PNI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.847 [0.765-0.938]), lactate level (OR: 1.225 [1.047-1.434]), and the ABC score (OR: 1.201 [1.053-1.370]) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. The risk of mortality increased substantially when low PNI was combined with a high ABC score or elevated lactate level. Incorporating PNI into a baseline model resulted in a modest increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) from 0.708 to 0.774 (p = 0.049). In conclusion, PNI serves as an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with acute upper GI bleeding. Its integration with existing risk scores may enhance prognostic discrimination and facilitate early risk stratification in the ED.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.