ArticleNursing open2026
Adaptation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
Article in Nursing open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Determinants of Stress and Obstacles to Diabetes-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Interaction-Mediation Analysis.Worldviews on evidence-based nursing · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo adapt and validate the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale in type 2 diabetes patients in Indonesia.
designThis was a cross-sectional study.
methodsThe study with 1044 participants was conducted at public health centers. The construct validity used an exploratory factor analysis to measure the scale structure, and a confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess model suitability. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted and test-retest results. The sample was divided into equal numbers for the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
resultsThe exploratory factor analysis showed that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was 0.899, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant. Three factors were obtained with a factor loading of > 0.34. Cronbach's alpha for all items was 0.858, and individual factors ranged from 0.636 to 0.864. An interclass correlation coefficient and test-retest reliability analysis of all question items exhibited good results. Pearson correlations for all items or each factor showed significant results. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the instrument had an acceptable model fit. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Type 2 diabetes patients and nurses in charge at public health centers were involved in this study. The findings show that the instrument is valid and reliable; it can be an option for measuring the stress diabetes mellitus. The subscales in this instrument can be used simultaneously or separately, according to each individual's needs. Indonesian PAID can be used for stress screening in diabetes mellitus patients starting from the primary health service level so that initial treatment can be provided more quickly.
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