Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41800221›Full record

ArticleEpilepsy currents2026

Scientific Symposium: Biological Sex as a Factor in Epilepsy Research and Treatment.

Christina Gross, Catherine A Christian-Hinman, P Emanuela Voinescu, Julie M Ziobro, Judy S Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsy currents, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Christina GrossDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-2527
Catherine A Christian-HinmanDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3475-2166
P Emanuela VoinescuDepartment of Neurology and Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Julie M ZiobroDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-7308
Judy S LiuDepartment of Neurology, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-9517

Funding

Functional analysis of the microRNA-induced silencing complex in epilepsyR01NS107453 · NINDS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI GROSS, CHRISTINA · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
Mechanisms of PCDH19-clustering epilepsyK08NS124937 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Julie M Ziobro · 2023 to 2026
$976k
NINDS NIH HHS K08 NS124937NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS107453
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epilepsy disorders differ depending on sex, gender and hormonal status. This can change treatment efficacy and remains an understudied topic in epilepsy, despite several public health initiatives promoting the inclusion of female subjects in clinical and preclinical research over the last 40 years. Here, we summarize research presented at the 2025 American Epilepsy Meeting Scientific Symposium that described current knowledge in sex differences in epilepsy, including X chromosome-dependent and -independent genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and discussed how these advances may impact epilepsy management. The importance of considering sex, gender and hormones in epilepsy is increasingly acknowledged in basic, preclinical and clinical research. It is crucial to leverage this momentum into large-scale population research to better characterize the differences alongside detailed mechanistic studies that can ultimately lead to improved care for all individuals with epilepsy.

Indexed as

biological sexepigenetic mechanismsepilepsy treatmentgonadal hormonesreproductive neuroendocrine axisX-chromosome inactivation

Identifiers

PMID41800221
PMCPMC12962990

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.