ArticleAddictive behaviors reports2026
Associations of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use combinations with sleep health.
Article in Addictive behaviors reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: Cannabis is often used alongside other substances, including cigarettes and alcohol. The objective of this study was to identify how the combination of these substances may affect sleep health. Methods: Data from an online, national survey of 518 adults (35.2 ± 13.4 years old; 65% female) were analyzed. Respondents reported their cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use. Hazardous cannabis use was assessed using the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test - Revised (CUDIT-R). Sleep, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. Sleep health was assessed using PSQI and ISI items about sleep quality, satisfaction, trouble staying awake, bedtime, waketime, sleep efficiency, and duration. Linear regression models examined associations of CUDIT-R and substance use with sleep scales and the individual sleep items, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results: One-quarter used only cannabis, 45% alcohol and cannabis, 12% cigarettes and cannabis, and 19% all three substances (polysubstance use). Average scores were 10.4 ± 5.7 on the CUDIT-R, 8.0 ± 4.1 on the PSQI, 11.3 ± 6.2 on the ISI, and 6.4 ± 4.2 on the ESS. A higher CUDIT-R was associated with higher PSQI (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.17) and ESS scores (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.26). Compared to individuals who only use cannabis, individuals with polysubstance use had higher PSQI, ISI, and ESS scores and reported worse sleep quality and less sleep satisfaction. Conclusion: Sleep quality and satisfaction were most impaired by polysubstance use, whereas hazardous cannabis use increased sleepiness. The combined use of substances is detrimental to sleep health and highlights an area for public health messaging and awareness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.