Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41799534›Full record

ReviewJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2026

Innovation without inclusion? a scoping review on inequities in diabetes technology access.

Sahar Kargar, Alireza Olyaeemanesh, Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani, Jawad Jafarzadeh, Efat Mohamadi, Hakimeh Mostafavi, Amirhossein Takian, Mahshad Narimani, Masoud Behzadifar, Mohamad Moein Olyaeemanesh and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sahar KargarHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Alireza OlyaeemaneshHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Ensieh Nasli-EsfahaniEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Jawad JafarzadehHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Efat MohamadiHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Hakimeh MostafaviHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Amirhossein TakianHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Mahshad NarimaniCentre of Excellence for Global Health (CEGH), Department of Global Health and Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Masoud BehzadifarSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Mohamad Moein OlyaeemaneshHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Ahad BakhtiariHealth Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically map existing evidence on how emerging medical and digital technologies influence equity in diabetes prevention, diagnosis, and management. It addressed the question: How do socioeconomic, geographic, racial/ethnic, and age-related factors shape access to diabetes technologies across different populations? Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2003 and 2025. Eligible studies examined the impact of digital health, wearable, or pharmaceutical technologies on equity in diabetes care. Data were extracted and synthesized thematically across four dimensions of disparities: socioeconomic status, geography, race/ethnicity, and age/life stage. Results: From 1,635 identified records, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were from high-income countries, predominantly the United States. The findings revealed consistent disparities in access to continuous glucose monitors, insulin pumps, telemedicine, and mobile health applications. Barriers included high costs, limited insurance coverage, low digital literacy, geographic inaccessibility, and provider bias. Disadvantaged, minority, rural, and older populations were most affected. Conclusion: Technological innovations have advanced diabetes care, but not equitably. Without equity-focused policy and system-level interventions, digital and medical technologies risk reinforcing existing disparities. Inclusive innovation strategies are essential to ensure fair access for all populations. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-026-01901-y.

Indexed as

Diabetes technologyDigital healthHealth equitySocioeconomic disparitiesTelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID41799534
PMCPMC12963584

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.