Observational studyOncology research2026
Investigating the Immune Effects of Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Results of the PD-RAD Study.
Observational study in Oncology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03258788 (A Translational Study Investigating PD-L1 Expression After Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Translational Study Investigating PD-L1 Expression After Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The PACIFIC trial established the benefit of durvalumab following chemo-radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the concurrent use of radiotherapy (RT) and durvalumab (PACIFIC-2 trial) showed no additional advantage. The PD-RAD study was set up to understand the immunological effects of RT on the tumor microenvironment (TME) to aid in optimizing sequencing of combination therapies. Methods: The PD-RAD trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03258788) aimed to enroll thirty NSCLC patients receiving radical-intent RT. Tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected pre-RT and at week 2 during RT and analyzed using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF), respectively. Results: Paired biopsies were collected from only three patients (Pts 1, 3 & 4) and blood from four patients (Pts 1-4) before the study was closed early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the TME was raised in Patient 1, who responded well to treatment, and unaltered in two patients with progressive disease. CyTOF analysis revealed elevated circulating classical monocytes, highest in the patient with a good response. Conclusions: This study underscores the challenges of integrating advanced immune monitoring during RT delivery and did not meet its primary endpoint. The hypothesis-generating findings highlight PD-L1
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