ArticleTheranostics2026
Connective tissue growth factor contributes to resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies in renal cancer.
Article in Theranostics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is predominantly treated with anti-angiogenic therapies (AATs), such as sunitinib and axitinib. While these therapies initially improve outcomes, resistance frequently emerges, limiting long-term efficacy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AAT resistance is essential to optimize treatment strategies. Methods: To identify factors involved in AAT resistance, we performed integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses on ccRCC cell lines subjected to either transient AAT treatment or with established acquired resistance. Functional validation was performed using Results: Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) was consistently upregulated following treatment and in resistant cell lines. CTGF, a secreted protein regulated by Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the Hippo pathway, is known to promote angiogenesis, fibrosis, and tumor progression. Functionally, CTGF enhanced tumor cell aggressiveness Conclusion: CTGF is a key mediator of resistance to AATs in ccRCC, by promoting tumor progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. CTGF may thus serve as both a predictive biomarker and a therapeutic target. These findings support further investigation of CTGF inhibition as a strategy to overcome AAT resistance and improve treatment outcomes in ccRCC patients.
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