Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41799026›Full record

ArticleTransplantation direct2026

BEAT-BK: An Adaptive, Randomized Controlled Trial to Treat Polyomavirus Infections (BKPyV) in Kidney and Kidney-pancreas Transplantation Recipients (BEAT-BK) Study Protocol.

Ryan Gately, Michael Dymock, Dharshana Sabanayagam, Scott B Campbell, Jonathan C Craig, Vikas Dharnidharka, Anna Francis, Jonathan M Gleadle, Martin Hajek, Sana Hamilton and 24 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transplantation direct, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Ryan GatelyDepartment of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1951-9836
Michael DymockWesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Dharshana SabanayagamSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Scott B CampbellDepartment of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Jonathan C CraigCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Vikas DharnidharkaRobert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey, NJ.
Anna FrancisDepartment of Nephrology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Jonathan M GleadleFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Martin HajekAustralasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Sana HamiltonDepartment of Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Martin HowellLeeder Centre for Health Policy Economics and Data, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Nicole IsbelDepartment of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Allison JaureSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
David W JohnsonDepartment of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
John KanellisDepartment of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Karen KeungDepartment of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Siah KimSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jen KokCentre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Dirk R KuypersDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Nicholas LarkinsDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
Wai H LimMedical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Rahul MainraDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Julie A MarshWesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Gabor MihalaAustralasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Brian J NankivellDepartment of Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Samantha NgDepartment of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Helen PilmoreAuckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Nicole Scholes-RobertonSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Thomas SnellingSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Armando Teixeira-PintoSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Andrea ValksFaculty of Health, Medicine & Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Kenneth YongPrince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Carmel HawleyDepartment of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Germaine WongSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a common opportunistic infection in kidney transplant recipients, typically reactivating in the context of immunosuppression. Although asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, reactivation in transplant recipients can cause BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN), a leading cause of graft dysfunction and loss. BKPyV viremia affects approximately 10%-15% of transplant recipients, and once BKPyVAN is established, the risk of graft failure can exceed 50%. The current standard of care involves immunosuppression reduction to restore virus-specific immunity, but this approach increases the risk of acute and chronic rejection. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), which contains antiviral and immunomodulatory antibodies, has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy, although evidence supporting its efficacy remains limited to small observational studies. Methods: The BEAT-BK trial is a multicenter, adaptive, randomized controlled trial comparing standard immunosuppression reduction with or without IVIg in kidney and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients with BKPyV viremia or biopsy-confirmed BKPyVAN. The trial will enroll participants aged 2 y and older, randomizing them 1:1 to receive standard care alone or in combination with a total IVIg dose of 2 g/kg for 8 wk. An adaptive Bayesian design will permit interim analyses with the potential for early trial success or futility. Results: The primary endpoint is a composite ordinal outcome at 12 wk, incorporating death, graft loss, estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, acute rejection, viral load, and degree of immunosuppression reduction. Secondary outcomes include viral clearance, development of BKPyVAN and donor-specific antibodies, infections, malignancy, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: This trial will provide the first high-quality evidence on the role of IVIg in BKPyV management and inform clinical decision-making in posttransplant care.

Identifiers

PMID41799026
PMCPMC12962577

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.