Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41798724›Full record

ArticleJBMR plus2026

Association between drinking water hardness and incidence of hospitalization for childhood fracture: an ecological study of England.

Clementine Kerwin, Emma M Clark, Andrew Judge, Samuel Hawley

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JBMR plus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Clementine KerwinMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
Emma M ClarkMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8332-9052
Andrew JudgeMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
Samuel HawleyMusculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Level 1, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-6168

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone fracture during childhood is a common injury, with rates in early adolescence equivalent to that of older age. Nutrition is profoundly important for healthy skeletal development, although data are scarce on the extent to which bone-forming minerals in drinking water might contribute to musculoskeletal health. The aim of this study was to describe the association between the hardness of local domestic drinking water across England with rates of hospitalization for childhood fracture, while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Total water hardness (CaCO

Indexed as

bonecalciumenvironmentepidemiologyfracturemagnesiummineral contentnutritionpediatricwater hardness

Identifiers

PMID41798724
PMCPMC12965205

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.