Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41798321›Full record

ArticleBJA open2026

Incidence and predictors of postoperative recall of propofol injection pain: a prospective observational cohort pilot study.

Gabriel Bellouni, Matthieu Clanet, Karim Touihri, Amelie Delaporte, Nancy M Boulos, Kyubin Kim, Tristan Grogan, Brenton Alexander, Sean Coeckelenbergh, Alexandre Joosten

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BJA open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07763548 (A Novel Two-Step Dosing Induction Strategy), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07763548 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this map

A Novel Two-Step Dosing Induction Strategy (The Propofol Challenge Test) to Minimize Propofol Injection Pain: A Time-block-Allocated Comparative Effectiveness Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorErasme University HospitalRan2026 to 2028Enrolled2,000ConditionsAny Patient Under General Anesthesia With Propofol InductionArmsBolus injection, Fractionned onjection
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gabriel BellouniDepartment of Anaesthesiology, CHIREC Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
Matthieu ClanetDepartment of Anaesthesiology, CHIREC Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
Karim TouihriDepartment of Anaesthesiology, CHIREC Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
Amelie DelaporteDepartment of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nancy M BoulosDepartment of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kyubin KimUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tristan GroganDepartment of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Brenton AlexanderDepartment of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sean CoeckelenberghDepartment of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Alexandre JoostenDepartment of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Propofol injection pain is common during i.v. induction and is often accompanied by nociceptive behaviours. Whether this pain is subsequently remembered by patients remains poorly characterised. We aimed to estimate the incidence of postoperative day 1 (POD#1) recall of propofol injection pain and to explore unadjusted associations with patient-, procedure-, and technique-related factors in routine clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a pilot prospective observational cohort study of adults undergoing low- to intermediate-risk noncardiac surgery with i.v. propofol induction between March and August 2025 at a single tertiary centre. The primary outcome was patient-reported recall of propofol injection pain on POD#1, assessed Results: Among 1043 patients with POD#1 data, 102 patients (9.8%; 95% confidence interval, 8.1-11.8%) recalled propofol injection pain. Recall was more frequent in women in univariate analyses. Catheter site, gauge, and lidocaine use showed no unadjusted associations with recall. Nociceptive reactions were frequent but did not differentiate patients with and without recall. Among patients with recall, median pain intensity was 7/10 (interquartile range, 5-9), and 99% rated pain as equal to or worse than i.v. cannulation. Conclusions: Approximately 10% of patients recalled propofol injection pain on POD#1, typically as severe pain. Female sex showed an unadjusted association with recall, whereas injection technique and observed nociceptive reactions did not.

Indexed as

anaesthesia inductioninjection painpatient-reported outcomespostoperative recallrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID41798321
PMCPMC12964037

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.