ReviewJGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology2026
Association of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index With Gallstone Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Review in JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background/Objective: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a common hepatobiliary condition closely associated with metabolic disturbances. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), a widely used surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has gained attention as a potential indicator of gallstone risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize observational evidence evaluating the association between TyG index and GSD in adults. Methods: Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed were searched from inception to December 2025 for relevant observational studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), and prevalence estimates were pooled using a random-effects model (REM). Sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and assessment of publication bias were conducted. Results: Nine studies including more than 430 000 participants were included. For each one-unit increase in the TyG index, the pooled odds ratio for GSD was 1.332 (95% CI: 1.213-1.462; Conclusion: Higher TyG index values are consistently linked to elevated risk of GSD. Given that TyG is inexpensive and routinely available, it may be useful for identifying individuals at a heightened risk of GSD. More longitudinal studies are needed to determine causation and to assess whether TyG-based screening can improve GSD risk prediction or prevention.
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