Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41797909›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

High-capacity nations can unlock momentum for quality marine protection.

Fabio Favoretto, Joy A Kumagai, Catalina López-Sagástegui, Deirdre Brannigan, Alex Driedger, Jennifer Sletten, Claire Colegrove, Timothe Vincent, Virgil Zetterlind, Paolo Guidetti and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Fabio FavorettoSchool of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Artillery Place, Coxside, Plymouth PL4 0LU, UK.
Joy A KumagaiHopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
Catalina López-SagásteguiGulf of California Marine Program, Institute of the Americas, 10111 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Deirdre BranniganProtectedSeas, Anthropocene Institute, 2475 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Alex DriedgerProtectedSeas, Anthropocene Institute, 2475 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Jennifer SlettenProtectedSeas, Anthropocene Institute, 2475 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Claire ColegroveProtectedSeas, Anthropocene Institute, 2475 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Timothe VincentProtectedSeas, Anthropocene Institute, 2475 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Virgil ZetterlindProtectedSeas, Anthropocene Institute, 2475 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Paolo GuidettiDepartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Genoa Marine Centre, Villa del Principe, Genoa, Italy.
Octavio Aburto-OropezaScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 8885 Biological Grade, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Highly and fully protected marine protected areas (HF-MPAs) deliver the strongest ecological outcomes, yet they cover just 3.8% of the ocean, and annual gains have stalled. We combine ProtectedSeas regulatory classifications with coastal habitat maps for corals, mangroves, seagrasses, and saltmarshes to track HF-MPAs and minimally/lightly protected MPAs (ML-MPAs) from 2000 to 2025 and overlay results with governance-based enabling conditions. HF-MPAs remain rare even in high-capacity countries that host most mapped coastal habitats and 39% of the global upgrade gap. Upgrading ML-MPAs in this small cohort-especially in overseas territories-offers immediate habitat protection gains and a visible pathway toward 30 × 30, while parallel efforts expand high-quality protection in open-ocean and deep-sea ecosystems and build enabling conditions elsewhere.

Indexed as

Earth sciencesEnvironmental scienceOceanography

Identifiers

PMID41797909
PMCPMC12961293

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.