Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41797763›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) in Saudi Arabia.

Abdullah A Alqarni, Abdulelah M Aldhahir, Hassan Alwafi, Rayan A Siraj, Jaber S Alqahtani, Hanan F Nassier, Maria M Kutbi, Joud S Sager, Hanadi A Balfas, Ahmed H Alasimi and 2 more

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Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Abdullah A AlqarniDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulelah M AldhahirRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Hassan AlwafiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Rayan A SirajDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Jaber S AlqahtaniDepartment of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Hanan F NassierDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Maria M KutbiDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Joud S SagerDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hanadi A BalfasDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed H AlasimiNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Yousef S AldabayanDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
John R HurstUCL Respiratory, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is an abnormal spirometric pattern associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, its psychological and symptomatic burden remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to: (1) assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, breathlessness, impaired health status, and reduced quality of life; (2) evaluate the impact of psychological and respiratory symptoms on clinical outcomes; and (3) explore the associations of psychological and respiratory symptoms with clinical outcomes among patients with PRISm in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Breathlessness was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Quality of life was measured using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Overall health status and the impact of respiratory symptoms on daily activities were assessed using the Chronic Airways Assessment Test (CAAT). Results: A total of 101 patients with PRISm met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Of these patients, 38 (37.6%) exhibited symptoms of anxiety, and 27 (26.7%) exhibited symptoms of depression. Furthermore, 45 (44.5%) patients exhibited impacts on their health status in association with PRISm, 37 (36.6%) had increased levels of breathlessness, and 67 (66.3%) had impaired quality of life. PRISm patients with uncontrolled respiratory symptoms have reduced health status and increased levels of psychological symptoms compared with those with controlled symptoms. In addition, quality of life, health status, and respiratory symptoms were significantly impaired in patients with depressive or anxious symptoms compared with those without depression or anxiety. Although no associations were observed with hospital-based outcomes, depression was associated with a higher number of comorbidities. Conclusion: Our study has shown that individuals with PRISm face substantial respiratory and psychological difficulties, including elevated anxiety and depression levels, as well as frequent hospitalizations. Given that PRISm is underdiagnosed and underappreciated with no clear guidelines on treatment plans, these findings underscore the critical need for routine assessments and comprehensive management strategies to enhance the quality of life for PRISm patients.

Indexed as

dyspnealung functionpreserved ratio impaired spirometryPRISmquality of liferespiratory symptomsspirometry

Identifiers

PMID41797763
PMCPMC12961682

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