Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41797695›Full record

ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Conundrums of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors.

Nikhil Bhalla

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Strategies for Multiplexing Plasmonic Biosensing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Nikhil BhallaNanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast,  BT15 1AP, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-3679

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensing offers label-free, real-time detection of biomolecular interactions with high sensitivity and compact instrumentation. However, despite widespread use, several persistent and poorly understood phenomena limit the reproducibility, quantitation, and interpretability of LSPR signals. This perspective examines six recurring "conundrums" in LSPR biosensing, with a focus on their physical origins, experimental manifestations, and current approaches to mitigation. I review puzzling cases where analyte binding induces either red or blueshifts of the plasmon resonance; the difficulty of isolating the surface-confined signal from bulk refractive-index drift in microfluidics; the finite decay length of the plasmon field and the resulting saturation for thick or inhomogeneous layers; environmental cross-sensitivities to temperature, pH, and ionic strength; run-to-run variability in nanostructure fabrication; and spectral congestion in multiplexed measurements. For each, I discuss the state of understanding, identify open questions, and outline strategies from advanced optical readouts to algorithmic baseline correction that could enable truly quantitative, drift-immune, and reproducible LSPR biosensing.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesSurface Plasmon ResonanceFinite Element AnalysisHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationReproducibility of ResultsSurface PropertiesTemperaturebiosensorsLSPRnanotechnologyphotonicsplasmonics

Identifiers

PMID41797695
PMCPMC13040139

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.