ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Safety, Immunovirologic, and Central Nervous System Effects of PD-1 Inhibition in People With HIV Without Malignancy.
Lauren B Reoma, Tory P Johnson, Ken Cheung, Bryan R Smith, Liliana Pérez, Amanda Wiebold, Stephen A Migueles, Mark Connors, Eli A Boritz, Manahel Zahid and 11 more
Abstract readClinical Trial, Phase I
In one paragraphArticle in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
21 authors.
Tory P JohnsonSection of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0001-7468-3586 Ken CheungDepartment of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NewYork, New York.
Bryan R SmithSection of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Liliana PérezVirus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center.
Amanda WieboldClinical Trials Unit, Office of the Clinical Director.
Stephen A MiguelesHIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.ORCID 0000-0002-6062-8022 Mark ConnorsHIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.ORCID 0000-0002-2108-8705 Eli A BoritzVirus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center.
Manahel ZahidClinical Trials Unit, Office of the Clinical Director.
Chen LaiHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative.ORCID 0000-0002-2178-1585 Jessica GillCenter for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.
Swati ShahCenter for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center.
Anna LyndakerCenter for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center.ORCID 0009-0004-8699-4129 Peter D BurbeloAdeno-Virus Associated Virus Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.ORCID 0000-0003-1717-048X Frank MaldarelliHIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute.
H Clifford LaneLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Dima A HammoudCenter for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center.ORCID 0000-0001-7406-7871 Govind NairQuantitative MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Avindra NathSection of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.ORCID 0000-0003-0927-5855 Funding
National Cancer Institute, and the Office of AIDS ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIDCR NIH HHSNIHNINDS NIH HHS
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Checkpoint inhibitors are being explored for chronic central nervous system infections such as HIV, but safety data in the absence of malignancy are limited. In this phase 1 nonrandomized study, 6 individuals with virally suppressed HIV received a single dose of pembrolizumab to assess its safety and effects on immune, virologic, and central nervous system parameters. Over 12 months, 29 adverse events occurred, all grade 1 or 2, with no serious events. HIV immune responses and viral loads were unchanged, although transient CSF viral increases occurred in 2 participants. A single dose of pembrolizumab appears safe, supporting evaluation of repeated dosing.
Indexed as
Antibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCentral Nervous SystemHIV InfectionsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedViral LoadAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPDCD1 protein, humanpembrolizumabProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptoradverse eventsbraincheckpoint inhibitor therapyCNSHIV
Identifiers
PMID41797330
PMCPMC13537135
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