Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41797231›Full record

SynthesisRespirology (Carlton, Vic.)2026

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cough Frequency Monitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ana Lara Castro Rodrigues, Larisse Sousa Reis Passafaro, Daniele Oliveira Dos Santos, Marcos Gontijo da Silva, Noé Mitterhofer Eiterer Ponce de Leon da Costa, Janne Marques Silveira, Arietta Spinou, Ada Clarice Gastaldi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ana Lara Castro RodriguesGraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-6749-2503
Larisse Sousa Reis PassafaroHospital das Clinicas of the Medicine School in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5262-0410
Daniele Oliveira Dos SantosGraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-4066-4448
Marcos Gontijo da SilvaGraduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Tocantins, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6474-6640
Noé Mitterhofer Eiterer Ponce de Leon da CostaApplied Statistics and Biometrics. Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC), Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Tocantins, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-0699-8313
Janne Marques SilveiraGraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7617-044X
Arietta SpinouRespiratory Physiotherapy School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3442-4739
Ada Clarice GastaldiGraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-9845-3611

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 21/09429-6Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 21/09623-7Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 22/07841-0Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveInternational guidelines emphasise the importance of objective cough assessment for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Cough negatively impacts quality of life and generates high costs for healthcare systems. However, the accuracy of cough frequency monitors remains unclear. This study aimed to identify tools developed to monitor cough frequency and evaluate their accuracy.

methodsObservational studies involving adults, children, or infants who used cough frequency monitors were included from the Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases published up to 24 November 2024. Two independent reviewers performed the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of the studies using QUADAS-2. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were calculated with meta-analysis using bivariate mixed effects regression.

resultsNineteen studies were included in the review. In the 16 studies included in the meta-analysis with 52,612 events, sensitivity was 89% (95% CI 0.84-0.93, I

conclusionThe tools are accurate in distinguishing between cough and non-cough sounds, but their clinical application still presents technical challenges and requires investment. Future research should improve the monitors, maintaining high accuracy but allowing for agile, cost-effective assessment.

Indexed as

CoughHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicSensitivity and Specificitycoughcough assessmentcough countingcough frequencycough monitordiagnostic accuracymonitoring tools

Identifiers

PMID41797231
PMCPMC13125381

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.