Observational studyThe American journal of clinical nutrition2026
Monitoring growth and body composition in children with 3-dimensional optical imaging: a pilot observational study.
Observational study in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03706612 (Shape Up! Kids Study), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Shape Up! Kids Study
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNutritional disturbances among United States children and adolescents have risen sharply in recent decades. Current guidelines emphasize assessing body composition to track changes in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) after interventions. Three-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging has been validated in cross-sectional pediatric samples, although its accuracy in detecting longitudinal change has not been studied.
objectivesThis study evaluated the ability of 3DO imaging to monitor body composition over time in children and adolescents.
methodsA subsample of 26 ethnically diverse healthy children and adolescents from the Shape Up! Kids study completed whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 3DO scans at baseline and again ≥1 y later. 3DO meshes were registered to a standardized template for vertex correspondence, transformed into principal components with an established shape model, and used to estimate whole-body and regional body composition measures using published equations. Body composition changes from 3DO scans were compared with DXA using linear regression and root mean square error (RMSE) to quantify error. Duplicate baseline scans provided least significant change (LSC) estimates to assess whether observed 3DO imaging changes reflected true changes in body composition.
resultsAt baseline, mean ± SD age was 10.2 ± 3.2 y, with a mean ± SD body mass index z-score of 0.56 ± 1.29. On average, there were 1.6 y (range: 12-18 mo) between baseline and follow-up. Agreement between 3DO imaging and DXA (R
conclusions3DO imaging is capable of monitoring body composition changes over time in children and adolescents. The accuracy, safety, and accessibility of this approach support its feasibility for risk screening in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03706612.
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